中国供应链趋势

中国贸易战会影响中国主要商务中心的关税率

中国是世界第二大经济体，也是各种国际公司的领先制造中心。按照这个Nikkei Asia article, exports from the country grew 9.9 percent to $239.7bn in September 2020. These changes happened after it diversified its supply chain to regain trade growth after both the COVID-19 pandemic and a trade war with the United States. Imports for the same period in the country rose 13.2 percent to $202.7bn.

中国与美国之间的持续贸易战影响了全球的行业。中国的供应链系统并非没有风险，许多人也感受到了它的影响。政治紧张局势，关税的上升以及整体经济放缓强调了有效的变革管理，反应性和核心战略计划，以维持该国​​持续的供应链管理。目前，人们一直在关注数字化，尤其是在大流行之后。

目前中国的关税率没有放缓的迹象，该国的全球影响力和权力在一定程度上有助于稳定的经济。这可能是因为国内市场强劲，人民币较弱以及中国从美国到邻国亚洲国家运输出口的战略以逃避高关税。因此，中国可以提高其出口，这也对该国的供应链产生了影响。

The Baker McKenzie law firm, conducted a poll in which 93% of companies in China are planning to transform their supply chain systems to tackle the effects of the trade war. 18% of these companies are planning to completely transform their production and supply chain, and 17% plan on instilling small changes (Source). This pursuit of companies to bring about change is dictating the need for specific skills in various areas of the supply chain in China.

在上海,一些美国公司shifting their sourcing office to Vietnam, Bangladesh, and other neighboring countries. Even so, multinational corporations in the city have shown stability compared to 2019. The economic downturn has steered many companies to strive for digital transformation. Digital supply chain systems are a result of this. On the other hand, in Suzhou, companies are resorting to cost-cutting strategies because of uncertainty looming on the future earnings of the B2B sector because of rising tariffs. The China-US trade war has led many companies to optimize their sourcing and supply chain strategies.

In South China’s Guangzhou, there’s been a shift in the labor market in China, as activities are skewed more towards B2C from B2B. The focus now has shifted to companies who are trading within China, hence the supply chain systems of the country are now hooked on FMCG and retail sectors. The China-US trade war has many US companies in China to change from production to sourcing. This is because China flaunts incredible technological capabilities for manufacturing and supply chain systems.

需求的业务转型

One of the major skills that’s in demand in China right now is business transformation. For senior roles in organizations, this would cover the entire supply chain experience, understanding of standard operating procedures (SOP), mergers and acquisitions, compliance, and integrated business planning (IBP). As a result, several senior roles have picked up demand in the supply chain market. These include Supply Chain Excellence, Supply Chain Director, and certain IBP roles.

Skill sets related to demand planning are in high demand in China. This is due to the fact that they have an important role to play in establishing the overall maintenance and procurement process of a company and increasing the efficiency of supply chain processes. It’s not new that demand planning has gained such traction in the market. But skilled talent to carry out this function certainly is. It’s a niche role where qualified candidates can leverage numerous opportunities.

提高技能和招聘策略与齐头并进

The job market in China currently favors the country’s massive supply chain industry, especially employers who are in line with the widespread cost-cutting. There are now more candidates than there are roles available in the market. This is certainly a disadvantage for candidates because they lose their bargaining power when it comes to benefits, flexibility and compensation. A positive note that shouldn’t be overlooked; up-skilling is very much a trend amongst Chinese companies now.

潜在的雇主看到了优势，因为除非他们拥有稳固的职业道路或升级，否则已经雇用的高价值候选人就不太可能离开工作。中国当前环境的高度重点减少了外国工人的机会数量。这意味着中国公司必须制定强大的吸引力策略，以获得最佳的候选人，并为他们提供出色的福利和福利。

For candidates looking for senior roles in the supply chain industry, up-skilling in the area of field management will certainly add significant leverage to their profile. The trend now requires supply chain executives to work on the business transformation goal by combining industry knowledge, leadership skills, strategic planning, stakeholder management, and global business insights. It’s important for companies to also invest in up-skilling by providing supply chain certifications, for example,CPIMandCSCP, to senior and best-performing employees.

Soft skills under the limelight

The goal of achieving complete business transformation is good in concept, but it won’t be realistic to implement unless companies turn their attention to cost. Companies are now striving to cut down their costs to survive through these turbulent times. So, an ideal candidate applying for a role in China’s supply chain sector should be excellent at locating and selecting suppliers, negotiating prices, terms and conditions, and maintaining a strong network in the market. Soft skills and stakeholder management are likely to be the primary determinants of success in this role.

There are a couple of mid-level roles that are gaining importance in China’s supply chain sector. These include Commodity Managers, Planning Managers, and Sourcing Managers. Candidates for these positions are now expected to demonstrate a good degree of operational and technical work experience. These managers should be able to coordinate across various departments and work independently towards achieving the company’s goals. It would be an added bonus for the company if these candidates also had a demonstrated knowledge of market insights and experience in cross-country trading.

数字化供应链

China has already witnessed a remarkable change in the form of digitization. The use of robots in logistics and warehousing has already made the supply chain of the country quite secure and efficient. Now more than ever, Chinese companies are understanding and embracing digitization by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT (Internet of Things) to transform the supply chain. The trend has now shifted from a sequential, linear supply chain network to an open, interconnected chain of operations.

随着供应链数字化的兴起，几个数字技能已成为众人瞩目的焦点。信息技术和数据分析的知识将是任何在中国高度数字化供应链行业中扮演角色的候选人的额外优势。业界有迫切需要提高效率并最大程度地减少运营错误。如果有人可以展示他们的IT经验和技术背景，那么就不会回头。

Below are a few ways in which China’s supply chain system is seeing a major digitization trend:

3D设计的兴起

Now is the trend to transform traditional supply chain models by making use of 3D product design. The process involves the use of digital prototypes—something that enables companies to get rid of physical samples and lower markdowns, while saving both money and time. This trend has particularly set in after the COVID-19 pandemic, which immobilized several factories, retailers and transportation networks across the country.

Now with the help of 3D product designs, instant sharing of digital images has become possible in China without involving designers, buyers or sample makers. The technology has reduced the digital product development in the supply chain domain and made it more convenient by allowing remote operations. Also, these digital models also take fitting models out of the equation. The use of 3D modelling is primarily seen in the automobile sector, and attempts at using it in China’s clothing industry have demonstrated that it still needs some fine tuning in this arena.

Expansion of VR

虚拟现实（VR）早在当今世界就已经建立了一项既定的技术。VR在全球范围内渗透到一个大型市场中，中国无疑是比赛中的领先者。预计中国的VR市场将会发生79亿美元到2021年。鉴于到处都是社会遥远的规范，通过VR运行的供应链而没有任何人触摸任何东西，这对于该国来说是一个突破。

With the help of VR, product designers, engineers and architects are able to analyze different versions of a particular design and conduct on-the-spot evaluation. Moreover, VR technology is shaping a connected world by allowing employees located in various parts of the globe to interact with each other and shape a highly digitized business world. This is a clear indication that traditional businesses will find it extremely challenging to outperform newcomers without embracing digitization.

Big data and technology

当今的世界正在争夺大数据，这主要决定了商业决策和全球行动。鉴于数字化在中国发生的数字化的速度迅速，大数据在该国的供应链行业中发挥了重要作用。将人工智能（AI）添加到方程式中，大数据的使用需要一个全新的角度。预测AI将产生价值$5 trillionby 2025. Backed with this technology will help companies drive insights related to supply chain performance and churn huge amounts of data to provide relevant recommendations.

Chinese supply chain brands are now leveraging groundbreaking technologies, such as cloud-based systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics, to revamp the country’s supply chain operations. For instance, in the northwestern province of Shaanxi, drones have been used for monitoring local logistics networks for the last few years. Also, Chinese logistics companies are making extensive use of AI-based routing algorithms to boost both performance and productivity and lower annual operating costs.

供应链变换如何影响不同的行业？

The China-wide supply chain digitization and overall operational transformation has opened a whole new way of conducting business. Rapid innovation in technology, such as cloud computing, AI, and IoT, have changed several industries across the globe. But China’s electronics industry has seen major growth owing to these technologies.

亚洲地区是世界上最大的电子产业的所在地，中国是主要的制造基地。促成该地区行业发展的一个值得注意的因素是WTO的信息技术协议。该协议免除了对其以及电子商品和组件的进口关税，以促进电子业务的发展以及新的供应链网络的出现。

China was initially assembling products manufactured in South Korea and Japan, but the country has now strengthened its supply chain with capital and technology. China now produces more than half of the world’s electronics and has become the sourcing hub of numerous foreign electronics brands, thanks in part to its highly advanced manufacturing capabilities and super-fast supply chain systems.

The Chinese mainland is also the global supply chain for the apparel and textile industry. This has become a possibility after the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, which waived off all quotas restricting trade in garments and apparels after it came into effect on 1st January, 2005. Ever since then, China has become a major manufacturing and sourcing center for many apparel and textile companies. Much of it is because of the low cost of production and availability of affordable labor, both of which make China very attractive to multinational companies.

COVID-19大流行的贸易战争nited States may have shaken China’s economy, but we are seeing the country's resilience demonstrated as they come back from this by leaps and bounds. Transformation in China’s massive supply chain is already evident from the trends discussed above. The highly developed supply chain network and well-equipped logistics systems have definitely helped China set a strong global footing as the sourcing hub for many industries.

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